Dhaqan
Dhaqan (Af Ingiriis : culture; Af Carabi : ar)[1] waa nolosha, hadalka, luuqada, aqoonta, fanka, suugaanta, ciyaaraha, hido iyo dhaqanka iyo guud ahaan hab nololeedka bulsho leedahay kaasi oo noqon kara wax sawir guud oo dadka kale ka heeystaan bulshadaasi. Sidoo kale dhaqanku waa shay leh macne badan oo kala duwan oo isla xidhiidha . si kastaba ha ahaatee, kalmada "beer" waa ta badanaa la istticmaalo saddexda macnaha aasaasigaa:
- Dhadhanka fiican ee fanka fiicans iyo baniaadanimo, sidoo kale waxa loo yaqaanaa dhaqan ka suuban
- aqoonta bani aadamka ee isla xidhiidha, aaminsanida, iyo dhaqanka kaas oo ku xidhan hawl karnimada uu qofku ku fikiro iyo barashada bulshada
- noocyada dabeecadaha la wadaago, qiimayaasha, hadafyada, iyo caadooyinka taas oo ay dhaqan u yihiin xeerarka, ururada, ama kooxuhu
marka fikradu marka hore la hagaajiyey qarnigii sideedaad- iyo qarnigii sagaalaad ee yurub, iyadu maaha hab loogu talo galay qodaalka ama horumar, as in beeraha or beer falid. qarnigii sagaal iyo tobnaad,waxa lagu tilmaamay xubnaha ama ama sinaanshaha ee qof walba ,gaaar ahaan dhinaca waxbarasho, ka dibna buuxinta qaranimodoonka.badhtamihii qarnigii saagaal iyo tobnaad,saynisyahanada qaar baa isticmaala kalmada "dhaqan" tsi ay u tibaaxaan awooda baniaadamka ee caalamigaa.ee jarmalka nonpositivist sociologist Georg Simmel, culture referred to "the cultivation of individuals through the agency of external forms which have been objectified in the course of history".[2]
References
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]- "Adolf Bastian". Today in Science History. 27 Jan 2009 Today in Science History
- "Adolf Bastian", Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 27 January 2009
- Ankerl, Guy. INU societal research. INU Press. ISBN 2-88155-004-5. Maqan ama ebar
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(caawin) - Arnold, Matthew. 1869. Culture and Anarchy. Archived Nofeembar 18, 2017 // Wayback Machine New York: Macmillan. Third edition, 1882, available online. Retrieved: 2006-06-28.
- Bakhtin, M. M. (1981) The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. Ed. Michael Holquist. Trans. Caryl Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06445-6.
- Barzilai, Gad. 2003. Communities and Law: Politics and Cultures of Legal Identities University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-11315-1
- Benedict, Ruth. Houghton Miflin Company. Maqan ama ebar
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(caawin) - Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-29164-4
- Cohen, Anthony P. 1985. The Symbolic Construction of Community. Routledge: New York,
- Dawkins, R. 1982. The Extended Phenotype: The Long Reach of the Gene. Paperback ed., 1999. Oxford Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-19-288051-2
- Findley & Rothney. Twentieth-Century World (Houghton Mifflin, 1986)
- Forsberg, A. Definitions of culture Archived Luuliyo ama Luulyo 1, 2007 // Wayback Machine CCSF Cultural Geography course notes. Retrieved: 2006-06-29.
- Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays. New York. ISBN 978-0-465-09719-7.
- — 1957. "Ritual and Social Change: A Javanese Example", American Anthropologist, Vol. 59, No. 1. Geertz[dead link]
- Goodall, J. 1986. The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-11649-8
- Hoult, T. F., ed. 1969. Dictionary of Modern Sociology. Totowa, New Jersey, United States: Littlefield, Adams & Co.
- Jary, D. and J. Jary. 1991. The HarperCollins Dictionary of Sociology. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-271543-7
- Keiser, R. Lincoln 1969. The Vice Lords: Warriors of the Streets. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. ISBN 978-0-03-080361-1.
- Kroeber, A. L. and C. Kluckhohn, 1952. Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions. Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum
- Kim, Uichol (2001). "Culture, science and indigenous psychologies: An integrated analysis." In D. Matsumoto (Ed.), Handbook of culture and psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press
- McClenon, James. "Tylor, Edward B(urnett)". Encyclopedia of Religion and Society. Ed. William Swatos and Peter Kivisto. Walnut Creek: AltaMira, 1998. 528-29.
- Middleton, R. 1990. Studying Popular Music. Philadelphia: Open University Press. ISBN 978-0-335-15275-9.
- O'Neil, D. 2006. Cultural Anthropology Tutorials Archived Diseembar 4, 2004 // Wayback Machine, Behavioral Sciences Department, Palomar College, San Marco, California. Retrieved: 2006-07-10.
- Reagan, Ronald. "Final Radio Address to the Nation" Archived Jannaayo 30, 2016 // Wayback Machine, January 14, 1989. Retrieved June 3, 2006.
- Reese, W.L. 1980. Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion: Eastern and Western Thought. New Jersey U.S., Sussex, U.K: Humanities Press.
- Tylor, E.B. 1974. Primitive culture: researches into the development of mythology, philosophy, religion, art, and custom. New York: Gordon Press. First published in 1871. ISBN 978-0-87968-091-6
- UNESCO. 2002. Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity, issued on International Mother Language Day, February 21, 2002. Retrieved: 2006-06-23.
- White, L. 1949. The Science of Culture: A study of man and civilization. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
- Wilson, Edward O. (1998). Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge. Vintage: New York. ISBN 978-0-679-76867-8.
- Wolfram, Stephen. 2002 A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, Inc. ISBN 978-1-57955-008-0
External links
[wax ka badal | wax ka badal xogta]Template:Sisterlinks Template:Wikinewsportal
- Centre for Intercultural Learning Archived Febraayo 2, 2009 // Wayback Machine
- Detailed article on defining culture Archived Juun 26, 2010 // Wayback Machine
- Dictionary of the History of Ideas "culture" and "civilization" in modern times
- Global Culture Archived Agoosto 31, 2009 // Wayback Machine Essays on global issues and their impact on culture
- Centre for cultural technologies
- Reflections on the Politics of Culture by Michael Parenti
- What is Culture? – Washington State University
- Define Culture Archived Diseembar 1, 2021 // Wayback Machine Compilation of 100+ user submitted definitions of culture from around the globe
- Dialect Magazine Archived Diseembar 6, 2021 // Wayback Machine A print and online magazine that focuses on culture via global entertainment, travel, international fashion, sociopolitics and more
- Concepts of Culture in Cross-National and Cross-Cultural Perspectives[dead link]
- ↑ Harper, Douglas (2001). Online Etymology Dictionary
- ↑ Levine, Donald (ed) 'Simmel: On individuality and social forms' Chicago University Press, 1971. p6.